نبذه مختصره عن الكاتب المسرحي(William Shakespeare)

William Shakespeare

Details about William Shakespeare’s life
are sketchy, mostly mere surmise based upon court or other clerical records.
His parents, John and Mary (Arden), were married about 1557; she was of the
landed gentry, he a yeoman—a glover and commodities merchant. By 1568, John had
risen through the ranks of town government and held the position of high
bailiff, similar to mayor. William, the eldest son, was born in 1564, probably
on April 23, several days before his baptism on April 26, 1564. That
Shakespeare also died on April 23, 52 years later, may have resulted in the
adoption of this birth date.
William no doubt attended the local
grammar school in Stratford where his parents lived, and would have studied
primarily Latin rhetoric, logic, and literature [Barnet, viii]. At age 18
(1582), William married Anne Hathaway, a local farmer’s daughter eight years
his senior. Their first daughter (Susanna) was born six months later (1583),
and twins Judith and Hamnet were born in 1585.
Shakespeare’s life can be divided into
three periods: the first 20 years in Stratford, which include his schooling,
early marriage, and fatherhood; the next 25 years as an actor and playwright in
London; and the last five in retirement back in Stratford where he enjoyed
moderate wealth gained from his theatrical successes. The years linking the
first two periods are marked by a lack of information about Shakespeare, and
are often referred to as the “dark years”; the transition from active work into
retirement was gradual and cannot be precisely dated [Boyce, 587].
John Shakespeare had suffered financial
reverses from William’s teen years until well into the height of the playwright’s
popularity and success. In 1596, John Shakespeare was granted a coat of arms,
almost certainly purchased by William, who the next year bought a sizable house
in Stratford. By the time of his death, William had substantial properties,
both professional and personal, which he bestowed on his theatrical associates
and his family (primarily his daughter Susanna, having rewritten his will one
month before his death to protect his assets from Judith’s new husband, Thomas
Quiney, who ran afoul of church doctrine and public esteem before and after the
marriage)
Shakespeare probably left school at 15,
which was the norm, and took some sort of job, especially since this was the
period of his father’s financial difficulty.

When, in 1592, the Plague closed the
theaters for about two years, Shakespeare turned to writing book-length
narrative poetry. Most notable were “Venus and Adonis” and “The Rape of
Lucrece,” both of which were dedicated to the Earl of Southampton, whom
scholars accept as Shakespeare’s friend and benefactor despite a lack of
documentation. During this same period, Shakespeare was writing his sonnets,
which are more likely signs of the time’s fashion rather than actual love poems
detailing any particular relationship. He returned to play writing when
theaters reopened in 1594, and published no more poetry. His sonnets were
published without his consent in 1609, shortly before his retirement.
Amid all of his success, Shakespeare
suffered the loss of his only son, Hamnet, who died in 1596 at the age of 11.
But Shakespeare’s career continued unabated.
When Queen Elizabeth died in 1603 and
was succeeded by her cousin King James of Scotland, the Chamberlain’s Men was
renamed the King’s Men, and Shakespeare’s productivity and popularity continued
uninterrupted. He invested in London real estate and, one year away from
retirement, purchased a second theater, the Blackfriars Gatehouse, in
partnership with his fellow actors. His final play was Henry VIII, two
years before his death in 1616.

Incredibly, most of Shakespeare’s plays
had never been published in anything except pamphlet form, and were simply
extant as acting scripts stored at the Globe. Only the efforts of two of
Shakespeare’s company, John Heminges and Henry Condell, preserved his 36 plays
(minus Pericles, the thirty-seventh) [Barnet, xvii] in the First Folio.
Heminges and Condell published the plays, they said, “only to keep the memory
of so worthy a friend and fellow alive as was our Shakespeare” [Chute, 133].
Theater scripts were not regarded as literary works of art, but only the basis
for the performance. Plays were a popular form of entertainment for all layers
of society in Shakespeare’s time, which perhaps explains why Hamlet feels
compelled to instruct the traveling Players on the fine points of acting,
urging them not “to split the ears of the groundlings,” nor “speak no more than
is set down for them.”
Present copies of Shakespeare’s plays
have, in some cases, been reconstructed in part from scripts written down by
various members of an acting company who performed particular roles.
Shakespeare’s plays, like those of many of the actors who also were
playwrights, belonged to the acting company. The performance, rather than the
script, was what concerned the author, for that was how his play would become
popular—and how the company, in which many actors were shareholders, would make
money.

William Shakespeare died on April 23,
1616, and was buried two days later in the chancel of Holy Trinity Church where
he had been baptized exactly 52 years earlier.

وهنا نبذة مختصرة بالعربية

وليام شكسبير

نبذة عنه:
هو أديب وكاتب مسرحي وشاعر إنجليزي ،ولد
(تم تعميده) في 26 أبريل 1564م وتوفي في 23 أبريل 1616م بكنيسة سترت فورد بآفون ،
بانجلترا و يعتبر أعظم أديب في تاريخ انجلترا وتعتبر مسرحيات وقصائده كلاسيكيات في
أقسام الأدب الإنجليزي في جامعات العالم. كما أن أعماله كانت مسرحاً ومادة
للدراسات العليا والنقدية وهناك من قرأ أعمال شكسبير قراءات ماركسية أو حتى
رومانسية ، بالأضافة إلى أن أعماله تم اقتباسها في الكثير من الأفلام والمسرحيات
حول العالم.رية "فينوس وادونيس".
ويعتبر من أعظم أدباء عصره تأثر وليم شكسبير في كتاباته عن عصر الملوك والأساطير
وفى موضوعاته عن الخيانة والقتل والضمائر القاسية.

تأثر شكسبير في كتاباته بما كتبه المؤرخ
القديم بلوتارخ.

أهم أعماله :
هاملت 1600-1601 م.
عطيل 1604-1605 م.
الملك لير 1605-1606 م.
ماكبث 1605-1606 م.
تاجر البندقية 1596-1597 م.
روميو وجولييت 1594-1595م.

أعمال ويليام شكسبير الكاملة :التراجيديات: روميو
وجولييت | ماكبث | الملك لير | هاملت | عطيل| تيتوس أندرونيكوس | يوليوس
قيصر | أنطونيو وكليوباترا| كريولانس | ترويلوس وكريسيدا | تيمون الأثيني
الكوميديات: حلم ليلة صيف | كل شيء بخير
وسينتهي بشكل جيد | كما تحبها| سيمبلين | الحب خسارة للعمل | القياس للقياس | تاجر
البندقية | زوجات ويندسور البهيجات | الكثير مما يمكن فعله بشأن لا شيء |
بيرسيليس، أمير تير | ترويض النمرة | كوميديا الأخطاء | العاصفة | الليلة
الثانية عشرة أو سمها كما تشاء | السيدان الفيرونيان | القريبان النبيلان | حكاية
الشتاء
التاريخيات: الملك جون | ريتشارد الثاني | هنري
الرابع، الجزء الأول | هنري الرابع، الجزء الثاني | هنري الخامس| هنري السادس،
الجزء الثاني| هنري السادس، الجزء الثاني | هنري السادس، الجزء الثالث | ريتشارد
الثالث | هنري الثامن
أشعار وسوناتات: السوناتات | فينوس
وأدونيس | إغتصاب لوكيريس | الحاج المغرم | العنقاء والسلحفاة | تذمر حبيب
كتابات شكسبير الضائعة: إدوارد الثالث |
سير توماس مور | كاردينيو | عمل الحب رابح

أخيراً أتمنى لكم قراءة ممتعة

تأريخ حااافل

مشكورة شذى يعطيكي العافيه
اساكي لي ابصرك شكسبير بسوق القات اليوم حاولت اعزمه بس قال انه معزوم ببيت جده جون
^ــ^

ههههههههههههههه

بس شكسبير يازيكو مايخزن

ها الا من فين هذه العبقره كلها
هههههههههههههه

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