amani alshoaibi
مشرفـة عـامـة
الكــلــيــة : كليه الهندسه والعماره
القسم ( التخصص ) : عماره
السنة الدراسية (المستوى الدراسي) : .......
الجنس : 
عدد الرسائل : 10090
العمر : 34
الدوله : اليمن
العمل/الترفيه : طالبه جامعيه
المزاج : اعيش لاجلك
نقاط : 11874
تاريخ التسجيل : 17/04/2010
: :قائمة الأوسمة : :
بطاقة الشخصية
التقييم: 10
 |  موضوع: العمارة الأولمبية - Olympic Architecture  الجمعة مارس 04, 2011 2:30 am | |
| العمارة الأولمبية - Olympic Architecture[size=21]Innovative Buildings
[b]National Stadium
Architects: Herzog & de Meuron
The $423 million National Stadium has become a rare architectural
celebrity. Everyone calls it the "Bird's Nest," which in China means it
is something much prized. Because the architects disliked the massive
parallel beams necessary to support the retractable roof, they developed
a lacy pattern for the other steel elements to disguise them. Although
the stadium's curving steel nest grabs the most attention, the building
actually combines a pair of structures: a bright-red concrete bowl for
seating and the iconic steel frame around it.
الاستاد
Herzog & de Meuron
بكلفة423$ مليون دولار
انشئ ملعب وطني أَصْبَحَ من الاعمال المعمارية النادرة.
والذي اصبح يدعى "عُشّ الطيرِ"
الذي له قيمة رمزية في الصين .
ولأن المُصمّمين كَرهوا الدعائم المتوازية الضرورية لدَعْم السقفِ القابلة للإنسحابِ،
طوّروا نمط جديد مخرّم للعناصرِ الفولاذيةِ الحاملة .
بالرغم من أن عُشِّ الملعبَ المقوّسَ الفولاذيَ يلفت الإنتباهِ،
ولكن المبنى يجمعُ في الحقيقة بين زوج من العناصر الانشائية و طاسة خرسانية ناصعة حمراء للمقاعد والفولاذِ الأيقونيِ يُؤطّرانِ حوله. 
 National Swimming Center
Architects: PTW Architects, CSCEC+Design, and Arup
Called the Water Cube (even though it's a box 584 feet square and 102
feet high, not a cube), this building's skin is made of ethylene
tetrafluoroethylene (a transparent form of Teflon) cells with either 14
or 12 sides. A space frame assembled on site from 22,000 steel tubes
welded to 12,000 nodes holds the cells in place and provides a
column-free structure with spans of 396 feet in either direction.
المركز العالمي للسباحة
يدعى مكعب الماء
(بالرغم من أنَّه صندوق 584 قدم مربع وبارتفاع102 قدم ، ولكنه ليس مكعب
الشكل)، تم تغليف هذه البنايةِ من الإثيلينِ بشكل شفّاف من خلايا ب14و 12
جانب. يجمع المبنى إطار في الموقعِ يجمع 22,000 أنبوبِ فولاذيِ لَحمَ إلى
12,000 عقدةِ يَحْملُ الخلايا و يمكن منطقة خالية مِنْ الاعمدة بمسافةِ 396
قدمِ في كل اتجاه.  Digital Beijing
Architects: Studio Pei-Zhu
Digital Beijing, a nine-story, 1-million-square-foot building, rises
solemnly just northwest of the effervescent Water Cube and the
curvaceous Bird's Nest. The building will serve as the control center
for the Olympics, home base for technical and security teams, and as a
hub for the routers, computers, and servers needed to run the Games.
Inspired by computer circuitry, the architects organized the building
into four parallel slabs that recall a set of motherboards.
بكين الرقمية
بكين الرقمية , المبنى بمساحة 1 قدم مربّع ذات طوابق تسعة، يَرتفعُ بشكل
واضح فقط المنطقة الشمالية الغربيةلعش الطير و مكعّبِ الماءِ الرشيقِ .
البناية سَتَعْملُ كمركزِ القيادة للألعاب الأولمبيّةِ، قاعدة مركزية
للتقنيةِ وفرقِ الأمنِ، وكمحور للمساراتِ، حاسبات، وإحتياجاتْ الخدمة
للألعابِ. مُلهَم بمجموعةِ دوائر الحاسوبِ، نظّمَ المُصمّمين المبنى إلى
أربع طبقات متوازيةَ التي تدعى اللوحة الأم.
 Terminal 3 at Beijing Capital International Airport
Architects: Foster + Partners and Arup
Terminal 3 reimagines circulation for passengers and vehicles alike,
resulting in the world's biggest airport building. Terminal 3 measures
almost 14 million square feet and cost $3.65 billion to build. It
comprises three buildings, aligned on a two-mile-long, north-south axis,
that form an elongated hourglass shape in plan. Columns at the center
of the canopy are painted red, while outlying ones fade to orange then
yellow—all part of a sophisticated color scheme that plays on
traditional Chinese themes.
المحطة الثالثة في مطار العاصمة بكين
المحطة الطرفية الثالثة تعيد توزيعَ الحركة للمسافرين والعرباتِ على حدّ سواء،
يُؤدّي إلى بنايةِ المطارِ الأكبر في العالمِ.
المحطة الطرفية 3 تقاس تقريباً ب 14 مليون قدمَ وكلفةَ مربّعةَ 3.65$ بليون للبِناء.
يَشْملُ ثلاث بناياتَ، إصطفَّ على طول ميلين، شمال جنوب المحور .
الأعمدة في مركز الستارةَ مصْبوغة بالحمراء، بينما يتغير اللون البعيدةَ
إلى البرتقالِ ثمّ الأصفر — كُلّ جزء من المخطط له لونِ متطوّرِ الذي يحتل
مكانة في المواضيعِ الصينيةِ التقليديةِ
 National Center for the Performing Arts
Architects: Paul Andreu Architect Paris
Ultimately, for all the time (eight years) and money (at least $400
million, in a country where construction costs are minimal) that went
into it, the Center doesn't pack much of a punch. Andreu's titanium Egg
(the Center's nickname) has a brushed architecture, perhaps to prevent
glare—though Beijing's polluted air usually does the trick. It is so
carefully detailed that its surface is scaleless; except when window
washers are climbing the exterior, it is impossible to grasp the
building's size.
المركز العالمي لفنون الأداء
في النهاية، دائماً (ثمان سَنَواتِ) وتكلفة (على الأقل 400$ مليون، في بلاد كلفة البناءِ فيها أقل ما يمكن) ,
مركز المبنى لا يتشكل عليه قوة ضغط كبيرة بسبب الشكل المتبع في التصميم.
بيضة التيتانيومِ من تصميم Andreu ، ربما لمَنْع الوهجِ — مع ذلك هواء بكين
الملوّث يفي بالغرض عادة.
السطح مُفصّل بعناية جداً بِحيث سطحه لا يعبر عن الحجم الحقيقي؛ ماعدا عمال
التنظيفات التي تَتسلّقُ خارجاً، يمكنهم إدْراك حجمِ المبنى.  China Central Television Headquarters
Architects: Office for Metropolitan Architecture
A radical, looping structure, the headquarters of China Central
Television (CCTV) stands as an antidote to the typical skyscraper. With
its dramatic overhang suspended 36 stories in the air and a diagonally
braced, continuous-tube frame expressing the forces of its structural
system on its facade, it became a Beijing landmark even before its
completion.
المقر الرئيسي لتلفزيون الصين
أي الانشاء الشعاعي الملفوف، مقر تلفزيونِ الصين المركزي (CCTV) يَقِفُ كشكل حديث إلى ناطحات السحاب المثاليةِ.
بصنفِه المثيرِ وقد حوى على 36 طابقاًَ في الهواءِ وثَبّت قطرياً، بإطار
إنبوبِي مستمرِ الذي يُظهرُ قوة إنشائها و نظامِها الهيكليِ على واجهتِه،
أصبحَ الآن من معالم بكين حتى قبل إكمالِه .
 Olympic Green
Architects: Sasaki Associates
Olympic Green holds 50% of the competition venues for the Olympics, and
is located at the north end of the central axis of Beijing City. Sasaki
saw its job as creating a framework for the Olympics as well as
integrating the 2,800-acre site with the city as a whole. The design
comprises three key elements: a Forest Park on the north, a diagonal
Olympic Axis connecting existing sports facilities from the 1985 Asian
Games to the new venues for the Olympics, and a Cultural Axis extending
the ancient imperial route that runs north from Tiananmen Square through
the Forbidden City.
الحدائق الأوليمبية جرت عليها 50 % مِنْ أماكنِ المنافسةَ للألعاب الأولمبيّةِ،
وواقعُ في الطرف الشمالي مِنْ المحورِ المركزيِ لمدينةِ بكين.
رَأى Sasaki وظيفته بأن يخَلْق إطار للألعاب الأولمبيّةِ بالإضافة إلى مُكَامَلَة موقعِ ال 2,800هكتارَ بالمدينةِ ككل.
يَشْملُ التصميمُ ثلاثة عناصرِ رئيسيةِ:
متنزه الغابةِ شمالاً ,
محور أوليمبي قطري الذي يُوصلُ بين الملاعب والكتل الرياضية القديمة من عام 1985 إلى الأماكنِ الجديدةِ للألعاب الأولمبيّةِ،
و محور ثقافي يُمتدُ من الطريقَ الإمبراطوريَ القديمَ الذي يمتد شمالاً مِنْ ساحة تيانامينِ خلال المدينةِ المحرّمةِ.  Archery Field
Architects: BlighVollerNield with China Construction Design International
A temporary facility (shown here under construction), the
93,000-square-foot archery center comprises three fields: one for the
preliminary rounds and two for the medal competitions. The project
provides seating for a total of 5,384 people; fans at the final-round
competition field will sit in 46-foot-high stands that are the steepest
of any outdoor venue. After the Olympics, the prefabricated steel frame,
along with other materials, will be recycled.
 Basketball Gymnasium
Architects: Beijing Architecture Research Institute
Located west of the Forbidden City, the 18,000-seat basketball venue
occupies four floors above ground and three below. The architects
wrapped the exterior with aluminum-alloy cladding and equipped the
building with solar panels and a rainwater-recycling system. According
to Gu Yonghui, an architect at BARI, fans will enjoy upholstered seats
and a high-definition LED display system that meets NBA standards.
 Tennis Center
Architects: BlighVollerNield with China Construction Design International
The 285,000-square-foot Olympic Tennis Center occupies a 41-acre site on
the west side of an artificial hill in the Olympic Forest Park. It
comprises 10 competition courts on four platforms and provides seating
for 17,400 spectators. The architects designed the three structures
containing the main courts as dodecagons, symbolizing the 12 petals of a
lotus, a flower that has long associations with Chinese culture. All of
the center's wastewater will be treated and recycled for use in
irrigation, while solar cells will heat water for use in the buildings.
Other green strategies include a geothermal heat system for one of the
courts and natural ventilation for all courts
 National Indoor Stadium
Architects: Glِckner3 Architektur und Stنdtebau with Beijing Institute of Architectural Design
Just north of the Water Cube, the National Indoor Stadium will host the
gymnastic, trampoline, and handball events during the Olympic Games, and
wheelchair basketball competitions during the Paralympics. The $125
million stadium is 873,000 square feet and has a seating capacity of
18,000. The architects designed the building to resemble an unfurled
Chinese fan, wrapping it with a high-tech curtain wall made of 205,000
square feet of glass in front of 1,124 energy-generating photovoltaic
panels.
 Convention & Exhibition Center
Architects: RMJM
This 2.9-million-square-foot facility will house the International
Broadcasting Center, a temporary site for journalists during the Olympic
Games. More than 21,000 reporters and photographers will gather news
and broadcast from studios in the building as they cover the 29th
Olympiad. The building will also serve as the venue for fencing and
pistol-shooting competitions. After the Olympics, the interiors will be
refitted and the building will serve as the National Convention &
Exhibition Center of China.
 Shun-Yi Olympic Aquatic Park
Architects: BlighVollerNield with EDAW
Set in the northeast part of Beijing, the Shun-Yi Olympic Aquatic Park
will host all canoe and kayak events. The 343,000-square-foot facility
occupies the largest site of any of the Olympic venues. It provides
permanent seating for 1,200 fans, temporary seating for 15,800, and
standing-room spaces for 10,000. Plans call for additional residential
and commercial developments and for the location to be used after the
Games as a swimming resort.
 Hockey Field
Architects: BlighVollerNield with China Construction Design International
Another temporary venue, the 167,000-square-foot Olympic Green Hockey
Stadium comprises two fields and 14 auxiliary facilities. Field A, which
sits at the west end of the site and accommodates 12,000 viewers, will
be used for the final rounds of competition. Field B, on the east end,
seats 5,000 fans and will be used for preliminary events. After the
Olympics, the sites of the hockey and archery venues will be turned into
parkland extending from the Olympic Forest
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